Презентация на тему "Grimm’s law & verner’s law"

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  Grimm’s Law & Verner’s Law

  Made by Dana Shinbayeva and Anel’ Abdukasimova

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  1785-1863

  Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm 

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  also known as the First Germanic SoundShift or the Rask’s-Grimm's rule Proto-Indo-European voiceless stops change into voiceless fricatives. Proto-Indo-European voiced stops become voiceless stops. Proto-Indo-European voiced aspirated stops become voiced stops or fricatives (as allophones). The chain shift can be abstractly represented as: bʰ → b → p → ɸ dʰ → d → t → θ gʰ → g → k → x gʷʰ → gʷ → kʷ → xʷ Grimm’s law

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  1846 -1896

  Karl (Adolph) Verner

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  describes a historical sound change in the Proto-Germanic language whereby voiceless fricatives *f, *þ, *s, *h, *hʷ, when immediately following an unstressed syllable in the same word, underwent voicing and became respectively the fricatives *b, *d, *z, *g, *gʷ. Verner’s Law

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  Indo-European Voiceless P, T, K Lat:Pater Gr: Kardia Lat: Tres Voiced B, G, D Rus: болото Gk: Egon Germanic F, H, P Oe: Fader (father) OHG: Herza (heart) Goth: Preis (three) Voiceless P, T, K OE: Pol (pool) Goth:Twai (two) Olcl: Ek